Тест - Traumatology and orthopedics - Электронная библиотечная система "BookUp"

Вопрос 1 из 282. Describe the main types of callus

Варианты ответов:

1. periostеal callus, endosteal, of intermediate

2. intra-muscular, intra-fasсial

3. interstitial

4. periarticular

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Вопрос 2 из 282. List the subjective criteria of fracture healing:

Варианты ответов:

1. preservation of pain at the site of bone fracture

2. minor abnormal mobility at the fracture site

3. no complaints of pain and abnormal mobility with moderate static and dynamic load

4. inability to functional use of limbs

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Вопрос 3 из 282. What are the objective criteria for fracture healing:

Варианты ответов:

1. the tenderness of the area of bone damage

2. mobility in the area of the fracture under conditions of moderate longitudinal load and the load on the kink and torsion segment

3. the inability to create a short-term static load on a limb

4. painless palpation and lack of mobility in the fracture zone under moderate longitudinal load as well as load at break and torsion segment, creating the possibility of short-term static loads the limb at least 80% of the healthy limb load

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Вопрос 4 из 282. List radiological criteria for fracture consolidation

Варианты ответов:

1. the presence of a gap between the bone fragments

2. poorly defined, heterogeneous density callus

3. no interfragmentary gap close to a uniform density of callus, the recovery of the medullary canal and the cortical layer at the fracture level

4. the preservation of cortical defect at the fracture level

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Вопрос 5 из 282. What are the factors that contribute to consolidation of bone fragments?

Варианты ответов:

1. Unremoved displacement of bone fragments during reposition

2. Accurate reposition of bone fragments, correctly performed stable immobilization for sufficient time, adequate blood supply to the bone fragments

3. short-term immobilization

4. early functional load without stable fixation

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Вопрос 6 из 282. Define the term «delayed union»:

Варианты ответов:

1. no evidence of healing of fracture up to 1,5-2 times required for consolidation of the fracture this localization

2. the absence of signs of consolidation in a patient suffering from diabetes during a month after injury

3. closing medullary canal throughout the diaphysis

4. formation of the bone callus out of fracture site and in a soft tissues

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Вопрос 7 из 282. Define the term «nonunion»:

Варианты ответов:

1. lack of evidence of the consolidation in a patient suffering from chronic heart failure in month after injury

2. resistant disturbance of fracture consolidation for more than double period, required for the consolidation of the fracture of this localization with closure of the medullary canal

3. formation of the large bone callus out of fracture site and in a soft tissues

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Вопрос 8 из 282. Most typical localization of nonunions:

Варианты ответов:

1. femoral neck, scaphoid, lower third of a leg bones

2. distal radius fracture

3. femoral fracture between the middle and lower third

4. clavicle fracture

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Вопрос 9 из 282. Describe the main methods of treatment of delayed union and nonunion

Варианты ответов:

1. conservative treatment with continuation of immobilization in 1 month and perform exercise therapy, physiotherapy, massage, medication

2. Beck tunneling to form channels in different directions by K-wires or thin bone drill, that crossed fracture line from one fragment to another and continuation of immobilization

3. surgical treatment by apparatus of external fixation, stable ORIF intramedullary nails, ORIF by LCP-plates, opening the medullary canal and bone grafting

4. only medication, supplemented by exercise therapy, physiotherapy, massage

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Вопрос 10 из 282. Define the term «bone grafting»

Варианты ответов:

1. bone grafting – surgical operation aimed to restore integrity of a bone by osteoplastic material

2. conservative method of treatment of fractures of long bones, including physiotherapy and medication

3. method of stimulation of bone formation using massage

4. surgical treatment by the use of plate or intramedullary osteosynthesis

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Вопрос 11 из 282. Types of bone grafting are as follow

Варианты ответов:

1. autovenous plasty

2. autologous bone grafting, allografting, xenografting and combined bone grafting

3. triangular grafting by Limberg, multi-Z-plasty, trapezoidal plasty

4. split-skin grafting, tendon-bone grafting

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Вопрос 12 из 282. Give the definition of «congenital hip dislocation»

Варианты ответов:

1. this hip joint disease, resulting from improper provision of obstetric aid in childbirth

2. is the vice-natal formation of the hip joint, which consists in the hypoplasia of all its elements: acetabulum, the proximal part of the femur together with the femoral head, the joint capsule and is accompanied by decentration of the femoral head

3. the hip joint disease, which developed as a result of undergoing intrauterine infection

4. degenerative hip disease in the early neonatal period

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Вопрос 13 из 282. What are the clinical signs of congenital displasia of the hip in the early neonatal period?

Варианты ответов:

1. the shortening of the lower limb up to 5cm

2. the extension of the lower limb with an internal rotation

3. Trendelenburg-Duchenne and "duck" gait symptoms

4. Marx Ortolani-Barlow, rotational instability symptoms

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Вопрос 14 из 282. Is the asymmetry of skin folds reliable sign of congenital hip dislocation in infants?

Варианты ответов:

1. this symptom is always a reliable sign of this disease

2. asymmetrical skin folds is not a reliable sign of a congenital pathology of hip joints, especially if it is not combined with other symptoms

3. specified symptom in girls is a characteristic and significant feature of this pathology

4. the asymmetry of skin folds in infants is never found, and therefore has no diagnostic value

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Вопрос 15 из 282. What are the clinical signs of congenital pathology of hip joints in children older than one year

Варианты ответов:

1. late start walking, gait disturbance (claudication), – hyperlordosis lumbar spine, limb external rotation in the prone position, shortening, limiting abduction hip, the presence of symptoms of Duchenne-Trendelenburg

2. the asymmetry of skin folds in the upper third tibia, hypertrophy of the thigh muscles on the side of dislocation, lengthening limbs to 3 cm, early self-walk at the age of 10-11 months

3. Marx Ortolani-Barlow, rotational instability symptoms

4. hip stability under load in the sagittal, frontal plane

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Вопрос 16 из 282. At what age we make x-ray diagnosis of congenital hip dislocation in infants?

Варианты ответов:

1. with the newborn period

2. optimal for X-ray diagnostics is the age of 3 months

3. only when the child begins to walk; aged 10-12 months

4. irrespective of age, even the first days of life in the presence of clinic

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Вопрос 17 из 282. What are the benefits, and at what age it is possible to make diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip using ultrasound?

Варианты ответов:

1. Ultrasonography as diagnostic measure of pathology of hip joints is possible from the age of 10-12 months and is not superior to X-ray diagnostics

2. the ultrasound diagnostic advantages compared with X-ray of the hip joints: can be used with the newborn period, reveals the core of ossification of the femoral head for 1-2 months before, is not accompanied by radiation exposure, can visualize limbus position

3. the ultrasound diagnosis is a expensive method of examination and can only used in trauma centers, it is rarely used in cases of expert

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Вопрос 18 из 282. Is rationale for conservative treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in infants?

Варианты ответов:

1. is not rational, because now exist modern surgical methods of treatment

2. conservative treatment is the main method of treatment in infants

3. the choice of treatment depends on the preferences of the treating physician

4. conservative treatment is not applicable at one year of age, because in this age more preferable operative treatment

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Вопрос 19 из 282. What is conservative treatment of congenital hip dysplasia in infants?

Варианты ответов:

1. use orthopedic splint for 20-22 hours per day during 3-6 months,hold lower extremities in abduction and internal rotation, physiotherapy, massage

2. an orthopedic splint is applied only during one day for 2 weeks

3. an orthopedic splint used 2-3 times per day during 3 hours

4. an orthopedic splint used continuously for several months prior to the occurrence of complications such as avascular necrosis of the femoral head

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Вопрос 20 из 282. Specify one of the basic rules of the X-ray examination of bone fractures of extremities

Варианты ответов:

1. X-rays must be in anterior-posterior projection with inclusion of the adjacent joint

2. lateral radiography only with the inclusion of two adjacent joints of the injured segment

3. X-rays in the axial projection

4. X-rays in two standard projections with the inclusion of one or two joints of the injured segment

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Вопрос 21 из 282. What is optimal age in which surgical correction of congenital dysplasia of the hip is performed

Варианты ответов:

1. in the neonatal period

2. at the age of 1.5-2 years, with irreducible dislocation hip, and when conservative treatment is failed

3. surgical treatment of children with congenital hip dysplasia is not carried out

4. surgical correction of congenital hip dysplasia performed only in females aged 17-20 years

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Вопрос 22 из 282. Give the definition of «congenital clubfoot»

Варианты ответов:

1. congenital foot malformation characterized by persistent contractures of the joints with the fixation of the foot in equinus position, supination, varus and increase arch

2. foot deformity that is formed in the first weeks of a child's life without proper care

3. the deformity which developed as a result of acute osteomyelitis of the foot bones at the age of 2-3 months after birth

4. the position of the foot, characterized by partially fixed hindfoot elongation and valgus deviation of the foot

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Вопрос 23 из 282. At what age we can make clinical diagnosis of congenital clubfoot?

Варианты ответов:

1. not earlier than 5 - 6 months

2. after birth in the delivery room

3. 1 year of age, when the child begins to walk

4. before birth at 20 weeks of fetal development

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Вопрос 24 из 282. Specify the optimum age of onset of conservative treatment of congenital clubfoot

Варианты ответов:

1. not earlier than 5-6 months, when the physical development of the child allows for treatment with plaster cast

2. 1 year of age, when the child begins to walk

3. in the first days after birth

4. conservative treatment of this disease is not carried out

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Вопрос 25 из 282. Specify the optimal method of conservative treatment of congenital clubfoot

Варианты ответов:

1. bandaging by Fink-Oettingen method at the age of 3 months

2. step-by-step use of plaster cast till middle third of the thigh by Ponseti method since first days of life

3. use of the Ilizarov apparatus for correction

4. best method of treatment of congenital clubfoot it doesn’t exist

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Вопрос 26 из 282. After reaching full correction of congenital clubfoot by conservative methods, what is the major reason in recurrence of the deformity?

Варианты ответов:

1. congenital clubfoot relapse never occurs

2. relapse deformation rarely formed in adolescence

3. relapse always develops when treatment is discontinued after the correction and rehabilitation treatment is not carried out to 4 5 years

4. foot deformity in the treatment of congenital clubfoot by conservative methods of treatment are not corrected

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Вопрос 27 из 282. Define the term «congenital muscular torticollis»

Варианты ответов:

1. congenital spinal disorder with abnormal fixed position of a head

2. congenital disease of sternocleidomastoid muscle, which leads to its fibrous degeneration, shortening and abnormal head position

3. scarring of the skin of the neck, accompanied by deformation of the patient's head and neck

4. neck deformity as a result of scarring of the upper esophagus after chemical burn

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Вопрос 28 из 282. At what age of a child the main clinical sign of congenital muscular torticollis («tumor formation») is most pronounced

Варианты ответов:

1. immediately after birth

2. 6 months after birth

3. on 3-5 weeks after birth, when a mass or knot is in the muscle reaches its maximum size

4. 5 years of age, when the rough scar formed in the muscle belly

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Вопрос 29 из 282. Describe the main clinical features of congenital muscular torticollis in children aged 4-6 months

Варианты ответов:

1. scoliosis of the thoracic spine, deformity of the neck

2. absence of movement in the cervical spine, gross asymmetry of the skull and face

3. limiting turning head toward and tilt of the chin in the opposite direction, the initial signs of the secondary deformation – the asymmetry of the skull and face (plagiocephaly)

4. head malposition occurs after acute respiratory infections and cervical lymphadenitis manifested clinically

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Вопрос 30 из 282. Specify the basic principles of conservative treatment of congenital muscular torticollis

Варианты ответов:

1. conservative treatment of congenital muscular torticollis is not effective and doesn’t use

2. passive exercise therapy, massage, physiotherapy, injection of lidasae into the affected muscle, applying Schantz collar

3. only exercise therapy

4. due to the very low percentage of positive results of conservative treatment, an operation at the age of 3 months.

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Вопрос 31 из 282. At what age is performed surgical treatment of congenital muscular torticollis?

Варианты ответов:

1. because of a 100% positive results of conservative treatment surgical treatment are not performed

2. at age 5-7 years

3. after the age of 1 year prior to the development of secondary deformities

4. at the age of 10 if only the part of the cervical spine bone changes

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Вопрос 32 из 282. Define the term «scoliosis»

Варианты ответов:

1. no fixed deformity of the spine

2. deformity of the spine in the sagittal plane with a severe mobile thoracic kyphosis

3. fixed deformity of the spine and paravertebral soft tissues

4. mobile deformity of the spine with significant thoraco-lumbar lordosis

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Вопрос 33 из 282. Specify the main early clinical sign of scoliosis disease

Варианты ответов:

1. displacement of the line of the spinous processes from midline

2. asymmetry position of scapulae

3. paravertebral asymmetry, rib prominence (costal humpback), muscle roller

4. misalignment of the pelvis

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Вопрос 34 из 282. What are the physiological curves of the spine is a healthy patient in the sagittal plane:

Варианты ответов:

1. backbone of a healthy person in the sagittal plane has no bends

2. there is only thoracic and cervical kyphosis

3. cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and sacral kyphosis

4. cervical kyphosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar kyphosis, sacral kyphosis

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Вопрос 35 из 282. Specify the difference between the spinal deformity in scoliosis and posture disorders of various kinds:

Варианты ответов:

1. scoliosis deformity is not fixed and is easily corrected with muscle tension

2. scoliosis is fixed deformity of the spine

3. spinal deformity in scoliosis and various kinds of malposture do not have any differences

4. scoliosis nonrigid deformity of the spine with anterior tilt and fixed pelvic girdle that can manually corrected

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Вопрос 36 из 282. Specify the degree of spinal deformity in scoliosis

Варианты ответов:

1. 6 degrees of deformity by 10 ° for each degree

2. 4 degrees: first degree of curvature of the primary arc of 10°, 2nd degree – curvature of the arc from 11° to 25°, the third degree from 26° to -40°, 4th degree - more than 40°

3. 2 degrees: compensated and decompensated

4. there are not any degrees of deformity mareked out in scoliosis

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Вопрос 37 из 282. For what purpose x-ray Riesser test used?

Варианты ответов:

1. for prediction of further progression of the deformity in scoliosis

2. to determine the severity of the degree of deformity

3. to monitor the outcome of surgical treatment of scoliosis

4. this test is used to predict the development of congenital hip dysplasia

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Вопрос 38 из 282. What stage of Riesser test determines the completion of skeletal growth?

Варианты ответов:

1. 0-1-stage expressed active growth of bones

2. 2-3-stage moderately active growth of bones

3. 4-stage stabilization of skeletal growth

4. 5 stage

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Вопрос 39 из 282. In performing X-ray examination of patients with scoliosis what part of the spine should be included?

Варианты ответов:

1. only a deformed spine

2. thoracic spine

3. thoraco-lumbar spine

4. from the lower level of the first sacral vertebra with the capture of the iliac wing to the upper level of Th 3 vertebra

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Вопрос 40 из 282. Specify conventional radiographic method for determining the degree of curvature of the spine with scoliosis:

Варианты ответов:

1. the Cobb method

2. the Ferguson method

3. the Riesser method

4. the Abalmasov method

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Вопрос 41 из 282. Specify the basic principles of clinical prediction of progression of deformity in scoliosis during growth of the patient:

Варианты ответов:

1. the patient is taken into account the growth in the identification of scoliosis

2. clinical prediction is based on the age, degree of the deformity, primary localization of the arc of curvature

3. the prediction is based on data dermatographic test

4. on the growth dynamics of the spine measured in a sitting position

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Вопрос 42 из 282. Describe the main radiological criteria for predicting progression of scoliosis during growth of the patient:

Варианты ответов:

1. presence vertebral osteoporosis

2. presence of spondylolysis 5 lumbar vertebrae

3. Riesser test, development annular apophyses, the presence of wedge deformed vertebral bodies, the value of the primary curvature of the arc

4. signs of spondylosis with Schmorl's nodes and disc protrusion

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Вопрос 43 из 282. Corrective therapeutic exercises for scoliosis:

Варианты ответов:

1. create a strong trunk muscles which make symmetrical traction that keep the spine in the correct position

2. the individual physical exercises chosen by doctor or an instructor of physical therapy to strengthen the children lower limbs

3. scoliosis II degree does not require special physical therapy; the patient's physical activity is important

4. corrective physiotherapy for scoliosis III-IV degree is sufficient to correction of deformity

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Вопрос 44 из 282. Brace treatment of scoliosis is indicated for patients

Варианты ответов:

1. patients with thoracic spinal deformity greater than 60° with completed growth

2. with deformity over 20-25° with complete spinal growth or with progressive deformity valued more than 25°

3. patients with severe degree of scoliosis

4. there is no indication for orthopedic brace

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Вопрос 45 из 282. Fractures of the femoral condyles should be differentiated with

Варианты ответов:

1. fracture of patella

2. injury of the knee ligaments

3. supracondylar fracture of the femur

4. with all the types of injuries

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Вопрос 46 из 282. Under what type of anesthesia should reduce a traumatic dislocation of the hip?

Варианты ответов:

1. Local anesthesia

2. general anesthesia with muscle relaxants

3. intraosseous anesthesia

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Вопрос 47 из 282. What kind of temporary immobilization of the femoral neck fracture usually used

Варианты ответов:

1. derotation plaster cast boot

2. Cramer’s splint

3. plywood splint

4. Diterichs’ splint

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Вопрос 48 из 282. What type of shortening of lower extremity observed in hip dislocation?

Варианты ответов:

1. anatomical

2. apparent

3. relative

4. functional

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Вопрос 49 из 282. In what type of dislocation of the hip compression of the femoral

Варианты ответов:

1. anterior

2. posterior

3. central

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Вопрос 50 из 282. What is specific features of anatomy of the proximal hip?

Варианты ответов:

1. The presence of neck-shaft angle

2. The absence of the periosteum at the neck of the hip

3. specific blood supply of femoral head

4. all the listed specifications

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Вопрос 51 из 282. Normal degree of neck-shaft angle is

Варианты ответов:

1. 125-135º

2. 90º

3. 30º

4. 100º

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Вопрос 52 из 282. Varus deformity of the proximal femur is

Варианты ответов:

1. decreasing of neck-shaft angle

2. increasing of neck-shaft angle

3. the neck-shaft angle does not change

4. the neck-shaft angle 150º

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Вопрос 53 из 282. The characteristic symptom of proximal hip fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. positive of the «stuck heel» sign

2. call sign

3. Marx Ortolani symptom

4. asymmetry of the gluteal folds

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Вопрос 54 из 282. In what age group the proximal femur fracture most common?

Варианты ответов:

1. elderly

2. children

3. toddlers

4. irrelevant to any age

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Вопрос 55 из 282. The best method of surgical treatment of elderly patients with fracture of the femoral neck is:

Варианты ответов:

1. hip replacement

2. osteosynthesis

3. skeletal traction

4. spica cast

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Вопрос 56 из 282. Which of the following is a contraindication for surgical treatment of patients with hip fracture?

Варианты ответов:

1. somatic pathology in the stage of decompensation

2. the lack of support to the injured limb

3. pronounced mental disorders

4. all listed

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Вопрос 57 из 282. The best way to surgical treatment of the working-age patients with a fracture of the femoral neck is:

Варианты ответов:

1. osteosynthesis

2. Spica cast

3. refusal of any treatment

4. hip replacement

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Вопрос 58 из 282. For immobilization of a fractured femur is use

Варианты ответов:

1. spica cast

2. thoraco-brachial plaster cast

3. Desault’s bandage

4. bandage Smirnova-Weinstein

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Вопрос 59 из 282. Which of the following symptoms indicative for damage of a great vessels in patient with a femoral shaft fracture?

Варианты ответов:

1. absence of pulse on the popliteal artery and a. dorsalis pedis, a. tibialis posterior

2. absence of a pulse on the radial artery

3. decrease of the circumference of the thigh

4. shortening of the hip

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Вопрос 60 из 282. Absolute indications for surgical treatment of patients with femoral shaft fracture are

Варианты ответов:

1. damage great vessels

2. somatic pathology in the stage of decompensation

3. fractures without displacement

4. mental disorders

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Вопрос 61 из 282. Which of the following methods of fixation are possible in femoral shaft fractures?

Варианты ответов:

1. external fixation

2. intramedullary nail osteosynthesis

3. plate osteosynthesis

4. all the listed

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Вопрос 62 из 282. Possible complications of femoral fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. nonunion

2. malunion

3. avascular necrosis of the femoral head

4. all the listed

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Вопрос 63 из 282. Optimal timing of the femoral neck osteosynthesis after injury

Варианты ответов:

1. during first 6 hours

2. during the week

3. after a long preoperative preparation

4. it doesn’t matter

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Вопрос 64 из 282. What fixators can be used in femoral neck fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. cannulated compression screws

2. L-shaped plate

3. dynamic hip screw

4. all the listed tabs

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Вопрос 65 из 282. Specify the approximate time of consolidation of the femoral neck fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. 2-3 weeks

2. 1 month

3. 6 months or more

4. 2 years

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Вопрос 66 из 282. What is the most common classification of femoral neck fractures

Варианты ответов:

1. Pawels and Garden

2. Kocher

3. Billroth

4. Manninger

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Вопрос 67 из 282. Which of the following types of displacement characteristic for femoral neck fractures?

Варианты ответов:

1. adducting and abducting

2. flexion

3. extensor

4. rotary

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Вопрос 68 из 282. The blood supply of the proximal femur carry out by

Варианты ответов:

1. round ligament artery

2. medial and lateral circumflex arteries of a hip

3. intraosseous artery

4. all the listed vessels

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Вопрос 69 из 282. Acetabulum is the glenoid cavity of

Варианты ответов:

1. hip joint

2. knee joint

3. ankle

4. none of the list

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Вопрос 70 из 282. Main cause of the femoral neck fracture in elderly people is

Варианты ответов:

1. osteoporosis

2. beriberi

3. atherosclerosis

4. dementia

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Вопрос 71 из 282. Mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture occur due to

Варианты ответов:

1. pneumonia

2. thromboembolism

3. decubital ulcers

4. all these factors

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Вопрос 72 из 282. To prevention thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with the femoral neck fractures optimal use

Варианты ответов:

1. low molecular heparins

2. antibiotics

3. analgesics

4. vitamins

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Вопрос 73 из 282. With age, the femoral neck-shaft angle

Варианты ответов:

1. reduce

2. increase

3. can both increase and decrease

4. unchanged

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Вопрос 74 из 282. When the femoral neck fracture with varus displacement of bone fragments occur the length of the limb

Варианты ответов:

1. decreases

2. increases

3. may increase or decrease

4. unchanged

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Вопрос 75 из 282. The hip joint is formed by

Варианты ответов:

1. acetabulum and the head of the femur

2. glenoid cavity scapula and shoulder head

3. head of the radius and capitulum of the shoulder

4. none of the above examples

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 76 из 282. Major and minor trochanter located

Варианты ответов:

1. at the proximal femur

2. at the distal femur

3. in the middle third of the femur

4. in the proximal tibia

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 77 из 282. The most powerful medial cortex of the femoral neck is called

Варианты ответов:

1. the arch of Adams

2. Ward's triangle

3. Wolf plot

4. Packard-Meyer line

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 78 из 282. For the diagnosis impacted hip fracture optimal use

Варианты ответов:

1. computer tomography

2. X-ray

3. venography

4. ultrasound study

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 79 из 282. What is displacement of intra-articular fractures is considered unacceptable?

Варианты ответов:

1. to 0.1 mm

2. 1 mm

3. more than 2 mm in a step

4. step off allowed

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 80 из 282. Which of proximal femur fractures are lateral

Варианты ответов:

1. transtrochanteric, intertrochanteric

2. subcapital

3. transcervical

4. none of the listed

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 81 из 282. Approximate blood loss in closed fractures of the femoral shaft

Варианты ответов:

1. 800-900 ml

2. 100-120 ml

3. 3000-4000 ml

4. are not accompanied by hemorrhage

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 82 из 282. Clinical symptoms of femoral shaft fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. passive position of a limbs

2. thigh deformity

3. shortening of femur

4. all the listed

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 83 из 282. Fractures of the femoral condyles may occur due to

Варианты ответов:

1. direct injury

2. indirect injury

3. both answers are correct

4. both answers are wrong

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 84 из 282. In the treatment of fractures of the femoral condyle by skeletal traction K-wire introduced through

Варианты ответов:

1. supracondylar thigh area

2. calcaneus

3. greater trochanter

4. tibia’s tuberosity

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 85 из 282. Displacement of proximal fragment in upper third of femoral shaft fracture occurs in the direction

Варианты ответов:

1. flexion of the hip, abduction and external rotation

2. flexion of the hip, adduction, internal rotation

3. extension

4. extension, internal rotation

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 86 из 282. Displacement of the distal fragment in supracondylar fracture of a femur can lead to

Варианты ответов:

1. damage popliteal artery

2. damage femoral nerve

3. damage sciatic nerve

4. damage median nerve

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 87 из 282. Incidence of clavicle fractures are

Варианты ответов:

1. 1.3%

2. 5-10%

3. 30%

4. 50%

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 88 из 282. The most common mechanism of the clavicle fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. fall on the side of the face surface

2. fall on the elbow

3. fall on outstretched hand

4. all listed mechanisms of the trauma

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 89 из 282. Conservative treatment of clavicle fractures in the elderly except

Варианты ответов:

1. triangular bandage

2. Desault’s bandage

3. 8-shaped plaster cast

4. suspensory bandage

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 90 из 282. Indications for surgical treatment of clavicle fracture are

Варианты ответов:

1. open fractures with damage or compression of the neurovascular bundle

2. comminuted fracture of the clavicle with menace of skin injury

3. closed comminuted fracture

4. only 1 and 2

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 91 из 282. In fracture of middle third of clavicle most frequently used:

Варианты ответов:

1. intramedllary osteosynthesis by the nail

2. osteosynthesis by external fixator

3. osteosynthesis by plate LCP

4. osteosynthesis by hooked plate

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 92 из 282. Average time of immobilization of clavicle fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. 1-2 weeks

2. 2-3 weeks

3. 4-6 weeks

4. 6-8 weeks

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 93 из 282. Chronic dislocation of the acromial end of clavicle when the injury more

Варианты ответов:

1. 5 days

2. 10 days

3. 14 days

4. 21 th day

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 94 из 282. What ligaments are injured when full dislocation of the acromial end of the clavicle occurs?

Варианты ответов:

1. coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular

2. deltoid

3. round

4. anterior cruciate

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 95 из 282. Characteristic symptom of a complete acute dislocation of the acromial end of the clavicle is

Варианты ответов:

1. bruising in the injured shoulder girdle

2. local tenderness in the projection of acromioclavicular joint

3. crepitus of bone fragments at the acromial end of the clavicle

4. piano-key phenomenon

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 96 из 282. Best method of diagnosis of dislocation sternal end of the clavicle is

Варианты ответов:

1. The inspection and palpation of the sterno-clavicular joint

2. Ultrasonography of sternoclavicular joint

3. CT

4. Chest X-ray in 2 projections

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 97 из 282. Frequency of fractures of the proximal metaepiphysis of a humerus in all age groups:

Варианты ответов:

1. 4-5% of all fractures

2. 20% of all fractures

3. 17% of all fractures

4. 80% of all fractures

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 98 из 282. The most common location of fracture at the proximal humerus

Варианты ответов:

1. head

2. anatomical neck

3. tubercles

4. surgical neck

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 99 из 282. Mechanism of abductional fracture of the surgical neck of the shoulder

Варианты ответов:

1. fall on outstretched hand with shoulder in adduction

2. fall on outstretched hand with shoulder in abduction

3. fall on outstretched hand with shoulder in the neutral position

4. in any of these positions

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 100 из 282. Mechanism of adductional fracture of the surgical neck of the shoulder

Варианты ответов:

1. fall on outstretched hand with shoulder in adduction

2. fall on outstretched hand with shoulder in abduction

3. fall on outstretched hand with shoulder in the neutral position

4. fall on outstretched hand with shoulder in flexion

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 101 из 282. In abductional fracture of surgical neck of the shoulder angle formed by fragments open

Варианты ответов:

1. medially and posteriorly

2. laterally and posteriorly

3. medially and anteriorly

4. without angular displacement

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 102 из 282. Most severe complication in the treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus is

Варианты ответов:

1. the consolidation in the wrong position of bone fragments

2. contracture of the shoulder joint

3. avascular necrosis of the humeral head

4. nonunion

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 103 из 282. Signs of muscle interposition in humeral shaft fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. displacement of the fragments

2. absence crepitation of bone fragments by palpation

3. failure of reduction

4. all of the above

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 104 из 282. Time of healing of diaphyseal fracture of the shoulder:

Варианты ответов:

1. 4-5 weeks

2. 6.8 weeks

3. 12-14-weeks

4. 20-22 weeks

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 105 из 282. Most common complication of fracture of the lower third of humeral shaft (Holstein-Lewis fracture)

Варианты ответов:

1. ulnar nerve injury

2. radial nerve injury

3. radial artery injury

4. median nerve injury

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 106 из 282. Clinical signs of radial nerve injury in fracture of the lower third of the shoulder is all except

Варианты ответов:

1. disorders of sensitivity in the 4th and 5th fingers

2. dangling hand and the inability of the active extension of a fingers

3. loss of sensitivity in the radial side of the wrist

4. decrease of sensitivity on dorsal surface of the forearm

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 107 из 282. In most cases damage of the radial nerve in fractures of the humerus between the middle and the lower third is due to

Варианты ответов:

1. its margin at the level of the brachial plexus

2. entrapment and is its compression in the area of the humerus fracture

3. it crush

4. damage to the brachial artery

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 108 из 282. Traumatic shoulder dislocation is

Варианты ответов:

1. complete uncovering of the surface of the humeral head and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

2. any displacement of the humeral head within the shoulder joint

3. uncoupling the mating surfaces of the humerus in the elbow joint as a result of physical abuse or pathological process

4. right answers are 1 and 3

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 109 из 282. Hill-Sachs lesion

Варианты ответов:

1. impression bone fracture of posterolateral surface of a shoulder during shoulder dislocation

2. separation of the lower edge of the labrum of a cavitas glenoidalis

3. separation of an attachment point of the long head of the biceps at the top of a cavitas glenoidalis

4. pathological changes in surgical neck of the humerus

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 110 из 282. There are the following types of dislocations

Варианты ответов:

1. acute

2. stale

3. chronic

4. habitual

5. all the listed

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 111 из 282. The cause of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder is:

Варианты ответов:

1. birth trauma

2. infectious arthritis

3. dislocated shoulder, accompanied by fracture of the clavicle

4. damage at the time of a traumatic dislocation, combined with the wrong care of the patient after reduction of dislocation

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 112 из 282. After the diagnosis of «traumatic dislocation» to reduction should performed

Варианты ответов:

1. immediately

2. 1 hour after

3. during a day

4. during 3 days after trauma

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 113 из 282. An external shoulder rotator muscles include the following

Варианты ответов:

1. m. supraspinatus, m. infraspinatus, m. teres minor

2. m. supraspinatus, m. subscapularis

3. m. brachioradialis

4. m. supraspinatus, m. infraspinatus, m. teres minor, m. subscapularis

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 114 из 282. To check the availability of shoulder impingement syndrome following tests are used:

Варианты ответов:

1. Kaplan

2. Jobe

3. lift-off

4. falling hand

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 115 из 282. Conservative treatment for supraspinatus tendon rupture in the early period is

Варианты ответов:

1. an immobilization injured limb in the position of abduction and adequate analgesia

2. physical therapy and strengthening the muscles of the shoulder joint

3. the appointment of strength exercises to strengthen the muscles of the upper limb

4. all answers are right

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 116 из 282. «The gold standard» of surgical treatment of acute massive rotator cuff tears is

Варианты ответов:

1. arthroscopic suture with anchors

2. mini-invasive transosseous suture

3. open suture of a shoulder rotators

4. plastic replacement of the damaged tendon

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 117 из 282. What is the most serious complication of misdiagnosed scaphoid fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. nonunion

2. aseptic necrosis of the proximal pole of the scaphoid

3. loss of a sensitivity in the 4th and 5th fingers

4. development of the tarsal tunnel syndrome

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 118 из 282. Preferred method of surgical treatment of acute scaphoid fractures is

Варианты ответов:

1. joint-spanning external fixation

2. percutaneous osteosynthesis

3. osteosynthesis using compression Herbert screws

4. closed reduction and K-wire fixation

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 119 из 282. The primary tendon suture is

Варианты ответов:

1. suture of the tendon during the first hour after injury

2. suture in the first 12-24 hours after injury

3. suture during the first 7 days after injury

4. suture in the first 3 days after injury

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 120 из 282. «Critical zone» of the flexor tendons of the fingers is called the field

Варианты ответов:

1. from the middle part of the middle phalanx to the metacarpal heads

2. carpal tunnel area

3. from the distal phalanx until the middle part of the middle phalanx

4. from proximal metacarpal heads to the transverse carpal ligament

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 121 из 282. Bankart lesion is

Варианты ответов:

1. an injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum of the shoulder due to anterior shoulder dislocation

2. ischemic contracture of the hand

3. damage at the Lisfranc joint level

4. contracture accompanied by sagging hand and fingers

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 122 из 282. With acute closed tears of an extensor tendons of the fingers at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint immobilization performed in the position

Варианты ответов:

1. «writing pen»

2. in straightened position

3. in hyperextension of the distal phalanx

4. in flexed position

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 123 из 282. Effectiveness of the methods of conservative treatment of fractures of the extensor tendons of the fingers

Варианты ответов:

1. 50%

2. less than 50%

3. 100%

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 124 из 282. For grafting of traumatic defects of flexor and extensor tendons of fingers of the hand is used:

Варианты ответов:

1. tendon of m. palmaris longus

2. Achilles tendon

3. acromioclavicular ligament

4. tendon of m. peroneus brevis

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 125 из 282. Period of immobilization in conservative treatment of rupture of extensor tendons of the fingers

Варианты ответов:

1. 2 weeks

2. 3-4 weeks

3. 5-6 weeks

4. immobilization is not required

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 126 из 282. Specify which bones are form the forearm

Варианты ответов:

1. ulna and fibula

2. radius and tibia

3. radius and ulna

4. fibula and tibia

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 127 из 282. What is the movement of the forearm called «pronation and supination»?

Варианты ответов:

1. flexion of the forearm

2. rotatory movement of the forearm

3. extension of the forearm

4. flexion and extension of the forearm

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 128 из 282. What forearm fractures are characteristic for childhood?

Варианты ответов:

1. length displacement

2. width displacement

3. rotary displacement

4. greenstick fracture

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 129 из 282. Monteggia fracture-dislocation is a combination of

Варианты ответов:

1. fracture proximal third of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head

2. fracture of the radius with dislocation of the olecranon

3. fracture of both bones of the forearm with a dislocation of the radial head

4. olecranon fracture with dislocation of the radial head

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 130 из 282. Galeazzi fracture-dislocation is a combination of

Варианты ответов:

1. fracture distal third of the radius with dislocation of the head of the ulna

2. fracture of a forearm bones with dislocation of the head of the ulna

3. fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head

4. fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the head of the ulna

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 131 из 282. Absolute signs of fracture of the forearm

Варианты ответов:

1. swelling and pain on palpation

2. swelling and restriction of fragments

3. angulation deformity and abnormal mobility

4. hyperemia and local temperature rise

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 132 из 282. Level of immobilization by transport Cramer splint in fractures of the forearm bones:

Варианты ответов:

1. from the upper third of the shoulder to the fingertips

2. from the fingertips to the elbow

3. from the wrist to the upper third of the shoulder

4. from the wrist to the elbow joint

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 133 из 282. Extraarticular fracture of the distal metaphysis of radius (Collis or Smith fracture) is

Варианты ответов:

1. fracture of a radius 2-2.5 cm proximal to the wrist joint space

2. fracture of the radial head

3. fracture of the radial shaft

4. fracture of the radius with dislocation of the head of the ulna

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 134 из 282. Which of the leg bones performs a supporting function

Варианты ответов:

1. more tibia

2. femur

3. fibula

4. tibia and fibula as equal

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 135 из 282. Open fractures of the tibia is

Варианты ответов:

1. fractures with extensive hematoma

2. presence of soft tissue wound communicating with the fracture

3. fractures to lower leg with severe deformity

4. presence of a wound on the lower leg that is not associated with fracture

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 136 из 282. Level of immobilization in a lower leg fractures

Варианты ответов:

1. from the fingertips to the knee

2. from the ankle to the upper thigh

3. from the fingertips to the upper thigh

4. from the ankle to the knee

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 137 из 282. Extrafocal compression-distraction osteosynthesis is

Варианты ответов:

1. osteosynthesis by the nails

2. osteosynthesis by the plates

3. osteosynthesis by the screws

4. osteosynthesis by Ilizarov apparatus

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 138 из 282. Term of immobilization by plaster cast in diaphysis fracture of both bones of the lower leg

Варианты ответов:

1. 1 month

2. 3,5-4 months

3. 5 months

4. 1.5 months

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 139 из 282. What is proper radiography method of fractured lower leg?

Варианты ответов:

1. only in direct projection

2. in two projections with capture two adjacent joints (knee and ankle)

3. in two projections with the capture of the ankle joint

4. only in the lateral projection

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 140 из 282. When applying skeletal traction in fracture of diaphysis of two bones of the lower leg K-wire conduct

Варианты ответов:

1. through the Achilles tendon

2. through the calf muscle

3. through calcaneus

4. through the skin

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 141 из 282. Time of skeletal traction in patient with a fracture of both bones of the lower leg

Варианты ответов:

1. 3-5 days before the matching fragments

2. 35-40 days prior to the formation of primary callus

3. 100-110 days prior to the fracture healing

4. 10-15 days until the edema is disappeared

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 142 из 282. Emergency indications for osteosynthesis of lower leg bones fracture carried out

Варианты ответов:

1. when closed fracture occur

2. when transverse fractures with displacement

3. 3 in fractures with trophic ulcers on the skin of the lower leg

4. with fractures with damage to blood vessels and nerves

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 143 из 282. Osteosynthesis by a screws in tibia fracture can be performed

Варианты ответов:

1. when the transverse fractures

2. in comminuted fractures

3. with helical fracture when the fracture line is twice the diameter of the bone

4. in fractures without displacement

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 144 из 282. Osteosynthesis by a plates for fractures of the lower leg bones are used

Варианты ответов:

1. in a fractures of the proximal and distal metaepiphysis and in intra-articular fractures

2. in fractures of the diaphysis

3. in segmental fractures

4. in transverse fractures

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 145 из 282. Locking compression plate (LCP) is

Варианты ответов:

1. plate with monocortical screws

2. plate with limited contact with the bone

3. plate in which the heads of the screws are firmly fixed in the plate and held in different directions

4. compression plate only

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 146 из 282. After osteosynthesis of tibia fracture by intramedullary locked nail

Варианты ответов:

1. plaster immobilization is not used

2. plaster immobilisation about 3.5 months

3. plaster immobilisation about 1.5 months

4. immobilization of the lower leg by brace

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 147 из 282. What is Dupuytren’s fracture?

Варианты ответов:

1. fracture of both ankles

2. transverse fracture of the internal malleolus, rupture of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, fracture of the lower third of the fibula with lateral subluxation of the foot

3. fracture of both ankles and the postero-lateral fragment of articular surface of the tibia (Volkmann)

4. fracture of lateral malleolus and rupture of deltoid ligament

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 148 из 282. Clinical signs of fracture-dislocations at the ankle joint

Варианты ответов:

1. swelling of a joint, painful movement

2. joint deformed, active movement is very painful, significant swelling and bruising

3. active movement saved, pain when walking

4. significant swelling and bruising on the outer surface of the joint, active movements are limited

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 149 из 282. What indicated in fracture of the ankle with displacement?

Варианты ответов:

1. plaster immobilization, closed reduction after swelling disappeared

2. close reduction

3. skeletal traction

4. open osteosynthesis performed after swelling

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 150 из 282. Bennet’s fracture is fracture dislocation of base of matacarpal

Варианты ответов:

1. 4th

2. 3rd

3. 2nd

4. 1st

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 151 из 282. Luxatio erecta

Варианты ответов:

1. tear of the glenoidal labrum

2. inferior dislocation of shoulder

3. anterior dislocation of shoulder

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 152 из 282. In transverse fracture of the patella, the treatment is

Варианты ответов:

1. Excision of small fragment

2. Tension band wire fixation

3. Plaster cylinder

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 153 из 282. Position of immobilization in fracture both bones of forearm in an adult male will be

Варианты ответов:

1. Prone

2. Mid prone

3. Supine

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 154 из 282. Common injury to baby is

Варианты ответов:

1. Fracture of the humerus

2. Fracture of the clavicle

3. Fracture of the radius-ulna

4. Fracture of the femur

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 155 из 282. A patient develops compartment syndrome (swelling, pain and numbness) following manipulation and plaster for fracture of both bones of leg. What is the best treatment?

Варианты ответов:

1. Split the plaster

2. Infusion of law molecular weight dextran

3. Elevate the leg after splitting the plaster

4. Do operative decompression of fascial compartment

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 156 из 282. Lachman test is used for

Варианты ответов:

1. anterior cruciate ligament

2. posterior cruciate ligament

3. medial meniscus injury

4. lateral meniscus injury

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 157 из 282. Radial nerve palsy is characterized by

Варианты ответов:

1. inability to flex elbow

2. «drop wrist»

3. «claw hand»

4. loss of sensation in 5 finger

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 158 из 282. Transverse fracture of medial malleolus is caused by

Варианты ответов:

1. Abduction

2. Adduction

3. Rotation of foot

4. Plantar flexion of foot

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 159 из 282. Clinically, the axis of the lower extremity passes through all of the following landmarks, excluding

Варианты ответов:

1. the anterior superior iliac spine

2. the lateral edge of the patella

3. the medial edge of the patella

4. the first toe

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 160 из 282. The relative length of the lower limb includes the distance from the anterior superior spine of the pelvis

Варианты ответов:

1. to the greater trochanter femur

2. to the knee joint line

3. to the lower edge of the medial ankle

4. to the calcaneal tuberosity

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 161 из 282. Fractures of the femoral condyles should be differentiated

Варианты ответов:

1. with a patella fracture

2. with rupture of the knee ligaments

3. a supracondylar fracture of the femur

4. with all the listed types of injuries

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 162 из 282. Fractures of the greater trochanter are possible in the case of

Варианты ответов:

1. fall on his feet

2. the fall in the buttocks area

3. compression of the pelvis in anterior-posterior direction

4. compression of pelvis laterally or falling on the area of the greater trochanter

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 163 из 282. Under what anesthesia should a traumatic dislocation of the hip be reduced?

Варианты ответов:

1. Local anesthesia

2. general anesthesia with muscule relaxant

3. intraosseous anesthesia

4. without anesthesia

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 164 из 282. What is the main cause of prolonged healing of femoral neck fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. inability to support the feet

2. absence at the femoral neck periosteum and disorders of the femoral neck blood supply at the time of fracture

3. the complexity of the plaster cast immobilization

4. pain syndrome

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 165 из 282. As a temporary immobilization of femoral neck fracture is used

Варианты ответов:

1. derotation plaster boot

2. Cramer’s splint

3. plywood splint

4. Diterichs’ splint

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 166 из 282. As a temporary immobilization of femoral neck fracture is used

Варианты ответов:

1. derotation plaster boot

2. Cramer’s splint

3. plywood splint

4. Diterichs’ splint

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 167 из 282. What type of leg discrepancy is observed in hip dislocation?

Варианты ответов:

1. anatomical

2. relative

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Вопрос 168 из 282. Which of the following is typical for the anatomy of the proximal
femur?

Варианты ответов:

1. The presence of femoral neck angle

2. The absence of the periosteum at the femoral neck

3. poor blood supply

4. all of the above

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Вопрос 169 из 282. Normal femoral neck angle is

Варианты ответов:

1. 127-130º

2. 90º

3. 30º

4. 100º

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Вопрос 170 из 282. Varus deformity of the neck of the femur is

Варианты ответов:

1. reduction femoral neck angle

2. increase of the femoral neck angle

3. femoral neck angle does not change

4. femoral neck angle 150º

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Вопрос 171 из 282. Typical symptoms of femoral neck fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. inability to raise extended extremity

2. call sign

3. Marx Ortolani symptom

4. The asymmetry of the gluteal folds

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 172 из 282. Common age for proximal femur fractures?

Варианты ответов:

1. elderly

2. children and youth

3. the working age

4. irrelevant

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Вопрос 173 из 282. The best method of surgical treatment of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture is

Варианты ответов:

1. hip replacement

2. osteosynthesis

3. skeletal traction

4. plaster bandage

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 174 из 282. Which of the following is a contraindication for surgical treatment of patients with femoral neck fracture?

Варианты ответов:

1. somatic pathology in the stage of decompensation

2. the lack of support to the injured limb

3. pronounced mental disorders

4. all listed

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 175 из 282. The best method of femoral neck surgical treatment in the workingage patients is

Варианты ответов:

1. osteosynthesis

2. conservative treatment plaster immobilization

3. the refusal of any treatment

4. hip replacement

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 176 из 282. For immobilization of a femoral fracture is used

Варианты ответов:

1. hip spica cast

2. thoraco-brachial plaster of Paris cast

3. Desault’s bandage

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 177 из 282. Which of the following symptoms might indicate damage to the great vessels with a fractured femur?

Варианты ответов:

1. no pulse at the popliteal artery and a. dorsalispedis, a.tibialisposterior

2. the absence of a pulse at the radial artery

3. the decrease in the the thigh volume

4. the shortening of the hip

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 178 из 282. Absolute indications for surgical treatment of patients with femoral fracture are

Варианты ответов:

1. damage to the great vessels

2. somatic pathology in the stage of decompensation

3. fractures without displacement

4. mental disorders

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 179 из 282. Which of the following methods of fixation of femoral fractures are possible?

Варианты ответов:

1. plates

2. intramedullary blocking

3. external compression-distraction osteosynthesis

4. all the listed

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 180 из 282. Complications of hip fracture include

Варианты ответов:

1. nonunion

2. delayed union

3. avascular necrosis of the femoral head

4. all the listed

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Вопрос 181 из 282. Optimal timing of the femoral neck osteosynthesis

Варианты ответов:

1. during first 6 hours

2. during the week

3. after a long preoperative preparation

4. does not matter

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Вопрос 182 из 282. For femoral neck fractures fixation can be used

Варианты ответов:

1. compression screws

2. L-shaped plate

3. DHS screw

4. all the listed implants

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Вопрос 183 из 282. Femoral neck fractures include

Варианты ответов:

1. subcapital, transcervical, basal

2. transtrochanteric

3. subtrochanteric

4. transcondylar

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 184 из 282. Specify the approximate date of consolidation of the femoral neck bfracture

Варианты ответов:

1. 2-3 weeks

2. 1 month

3. 6 months or more

4. 2 years

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Вопрос 185 из 282. Specify the most common classification of femoral neck fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. Pawels-Garden

2. Kocher

3. Billroth

4. Manninger

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Вопрос 186 из 282. Which of the following types of displacement is common for hip fractures?

Варианты ответов:

1. adducting and abducting

2. flexion

3. extensor

4. rotary

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Вопрос 187 из 282. Acetabulum is the articular cavity in

Варианты ответов:

1. hip joint

2. the knee joint

3. ankle

4. none of the list

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Вопрос 188 из 282. The cause of the femoral neck fractures in elderly people is

Варианты ответов:

1. osteoporosis

2. beriberi

3. atherosclerosis

4. dementia

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Вопрос 189 из 282. The mortality in elderly patients with hip fractures occur due to

Варианты ответов:

1. pneumonia

2. thromboembolism

3. bedsores

4. all these factors

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Вопрос 190 из 282. In order to prevent thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with fractures of the neck of femur, shaft of the femur it is optimal to use

Варианты ответов:

1. low molekulyar heparins

2. antibiotics

3. analgesics

4. vitamins

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 191 из 282. In case of varus displacement the femoral neck fragments the length of the limb

Варианты ответов:

1. decreases

2. increases

3. may increase or decrease

4. unchanged

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Вопрос 192 из 282. The hip joint is formed by

Варианты ответов:

1. acetabular cavity and the head of the femur

2. glenoid cavity scapula and shoulder head

3. The head of the radius and capitate shoulder elevation

4. None of the above examples are not correct

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Вопрос 193 из 282. Large and small trochanter located

Варианты ответов:

1. at the proximal femur

2. at the distal femur

3. in the middle third of the femur

4. in the proximal tibia

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Вопрос 194 из 282. For the diagnosis of impacted femoral neck fractures it is optimal to use

Варианты ответов:

1. the computer tomography

2. X-ray

3. venography

4. The ultrasound study

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Вопрос 195 из 282. What displacement in intra-articular fractures is considered unacceptable?

Варианты ответов:

1. up to 0.1 mm

2. 1 mm

3. more than 2 mm

4. displacement allowed

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Вопрос 196 из 282. Closed fractures of the femur accompanied by blood loss

Варианты ответов:

1. 800-900 ml

2. 100-120 ml

3. 3000-4000 ml

4. are not accompanied by hemorrhage

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Вопрос 197 из 282. For skeletal traction in case of femoral shaft fracture pin is inserted in

Варианты ответов:

1. supracondylar femoral region

2. calcaneus

3. greater trochanter

4. supramaleolar region

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 198 из 282. Fractures of the femoral condyles may occur with

Варианты ответов:

1. direct injury

2. indirect injury

3. both answers are correct

4. both answers are wrong

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Вопрос 199 из 282. For skeletal traction in case of femoral condyles fracture pin is inserted in

Варианты ответов:

1. supracondylar thigh area

2. calcaneus

3. greater trochanter

4. tibia’s tuberosity

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 200 из 282. Supracondylar fractures of the femur are accompanied by the posterior displacement of distal fragment, which can lead to

Варианты ответов:

1. damage to popliteal artery

2. damage to the femoral nerve

3. damage to the sciatic nerve

4. damage to the median nerve

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 201 из 282. Duration of cast immobilization tibia and fibula shaft fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. 1 month

2. 3,5-4 month

3. 5 months

4. 1.5 months

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Вопрос 202 из 282. Which of the leg bones performs a weight bearing function

Варианты ответов:

1. mostly tibia

2. femur

3. fibula

4. tibia and fibula as equal

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Вопрос 203 из 282. Open fractures of the tibia is:

Варианты ответов:

1. fractures with extensive hematoma

2. the presence of soft tissue wound communicating with the fracture

3. fractures to lower leg strain

4. the presence of a wound on the lower leg is not associated with fracture

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Вопрос 204 из 282. Immobilization with a broken tibia include

Варианты ответов:

1. from the fingertips to the knee

2. from the ankle to the upper thigh

3. from the fingertips to the upper thigh

4. from the ankle to the knee

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Вопрос 205 из 282. How to perform radiography with a tibial fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. the only anterior-posterior view

2. two views with visualization of the adjacent joints (knee and ankle)

3. in two projections with the capture of the ankle joint

4. only in the lateral view

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Вопрос 206 из 282. When applying skeletal traction with a tibial fracture pin is inserted

Варианты ответов:

1. through the Achilles tendon

2. through the calf muscle

3. through calcaneus

4. through the skin

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Вопрос 207 из 282. The patient is on skeletal traction with a tibial fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. 3-5 days before the matching fragments

2. 35-40 days prior to the formation of primary callus

3. 100-110 days prior to the fracture healing

4. 10-15 days until the heat edema

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Вопрос 208 из 282. Plate osteosynthesis of tibia and fibula fractures is mostly used in case

Варианты ответов:

1. tibial plateu and tibial pilon fractures with intraarticular extention

2. fracture of the shaft of the tibia

3. in case of the double fracture

4. in case of transverse fractures

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Вопрос 209 из 282. What ligament stabilizes ankle joint on medial side

Варианты ответов:

1. anterior talo-fibular

2. calcaneal-fibular

3. deltoid

4. medial collateral ligament

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 210 из 282. Specify the most frequent injury of the ankle:

Варианты ответов:

1. fracture of lateral malleolus

2. ligaments injury

3. fracture of the talus

4. fracture of the medial malleolus

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 211 из 282. What is the most common complication that develops after ankle fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. infectious arthritis

2. posttraumatic deforming arthrosis

3. joint fusion

4. nonunion of lateral malleolus

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Вопрос 212 из 282. After interlocking of the tibial shaft fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. plaster immobilization is not used

2. plaster immobilisation during 3.5 months

3. plaster immobilisation during 1.5 months

4. fixation with orthosis

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 213 из 282. Dupuytren’s ankle fracture includes

Варианты ответов:

1. fracture of both malleolus

2. fracture of the medial malleolus, the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis rupture, fracture of the distal third of the fibula, lateral subluxation of the foot

3. fracture of both malleolus and the posterior edge of the tibia

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 214 из 282. Clinical presentation of the ankle fracture-dislocation

Варианты ответов:

1. edematic joint, painful movement

2. joint deformity, weight bearing impaired, there is no active movement, swelling and bruising

3. active movement preserved, pain during walking

4. swelling and bruising on the lateral surface of the joint. Active movements are limited

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 215 из 282. Displaced malleoli fracture is treated with

Варианты ответов:

1. cast immobilization. Closed reduction after swelling disappears

2. close reduction for emergency indications

3. skeletal traction

4. open reduction internal fixation after swelling disappears

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 216 из 282. Isolated fracture of lateral malleolus without displacement is treated with

Варианты ответов:

1. application of a 8-shaped bandage

2. application U-shaped plaster of Paris

3. the application of Ilizarov frame

4. plate osteosynthesis

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 217 из 282. In case of partial injury to the deltoid ligament of the ankle indicated

Варианты ответов:

1. 8-shaped elastic bandage

2. plaster of Paris splint for 6 weeks

3. surgery

4. skeletal traction

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 218 из 282. Fracture of the middle third the fibula is treated with

Варианты ответов:

1. plate osteosynthesis

2. plaster of Paris splint

3. skeletal traction

4. the application of Ilizarov frame

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 219 из 282. What method of treatment is more effective in case of the open fracture of the malleoli

Варианты ответов:

1. closed reduction

2. metalosteosynthesis

3. skeletal traction

4. external fixation with Ilizarov apparatus

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 220 из 282. What is «interloking» of the tibia?

Варианты ответов:

1. osteosynthesis with two pins

2. osteosynthesis with three screws

3. osteosynthesis with intramedullary nail providing axial and rotational stability

4. osteosynthesis with plate

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Вопрос 221 из 282. Specify through which bone pin is inserted when applying skeletal traction for tibia fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. talus

2. calcaneus bone

3. lateral ankle

4. metatarsal

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Вопрос 222 из 282. Specify the method of treatment of an isolated fracture of the tibia without displacement

Варианты ответов:

1. circular plaster of Paris cast from the tips of the toes to middle of the thigh

2. external fixation using Ilizarov’s apparatus

3. skeletal traction

4. plate osteosynthesis

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 223 из 282. Specify which fractures of the tibia are treated surgically

Варианты ответов:

1. fractures without displacement of bone fragments

2. isolated fractures of the tibia

3. fractures of the tibia with a transverse line

4. fractures with interposition of soft tissues or muscles between the fragments

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 224 из 282. What are the most common complications of fracture of tibia in the distal third

Варианты ответов:

1. deep vein thrombosis

2. osteomyelitis

3. delayed consolidation and nonunion

4. damage to major vessels

выберите один правильный вариант

Вопрос 225 из 282. Give the definition of «congenital dislocation of the hip»

Варианты ответов:

1. this hip joint disease, resulting from improper obstetric aid during childbirth

2. is the prenatal hypoplasia of all hip elements: acetabulum, the proximal part of the femur together with the femoral head, the joint capsule and is accompanied by decentration of the femoral head

3. the hip joint disease, which developes as a result of undergoing intrauterine infection

4. degenerative hip disease in the early neonatal period

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Вопрос 226 из 282. What clinical signs are specific for congenital dislocation of the hip in a newborn?

Варианты ответов:

1. the shortening of the lower limb up to 5cm

2. the extension of the lower limb with an internal rotation

3. Trendelenburg-Duchenne and «duck» gait symptoms

4. Ortolani, Barlow, rotational instability symptoms

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Вопрос 227 из 282. Is the asymmetry of skin folds reliable sign of congenital hip dislocation in infants?

Варианты ответов:

1. this symptom is always a reliable sign of this pathology

2. asimmetry skin folds is not a reliable sign of a congenital hip dislocation, especially if it is not combined with other symptoms

3. reliable symptom in girls

4. asymmetry of skin folds in infants is never found, and therefore has no diagnostic value

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Вопрос 228 из 282. What are the clinical signs of congenital hip dislocation in children older than one year:

Варианты ответов:

1. late start of walking, gait disturbance (limping), lumbar hyperlordosis, shortening, limited abduction of the hip, positive Duchenne-Trendelenburg test

2. asymmetry of skin folds in the upper third tibia, hypertrophy of the thigh muscles on the side of dislocation, lengthening of the limb to 3 cm

3. Ortolani, Barlow, rotational instability symptoms

4. hip stability under load in the sagittal, frontal planes

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Вопрос 229 из 282. At what age x-ray of the hip may be performed for congenital hip dislocation diagnosis?

Варианты ответов:

1. in a newborn

2. optimal for X-ray diagnostics is the age of 2-3 months

3. only when the child starts to walk; aged 10-12 months

4. irrespective of age, even in the first days of life in the presence of clinic

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Вопрос 230 из 282. What are the benefits of the ultrasound examination of the hip joint?

Варианты ответов:

1. ultrasonic examination of hip joints is possible from the age of 10-12 months and is not superior to X-ray examination

2. the ultrasound examination advantages compared to X-ray of the hip joints: can be used in newborns, visualizes the nucleus of ossification of the femoral head 1-2 months earlier, is not accompanied by radiation exposure, can visualize limbus position

3. ultrasound is a costly method of examination and is rarely used

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Вопрос 231 из 282. Is it rational to treat congenital dislocation of the hip conservatively?

Варианты ответов:

1. it is not rational, as there are modern surgical treatments

2. conservative treatment is the main method of treatment in infants

3. the choice of treatment depends on the preferences of a doctor

4. conservative treatment is not used up to the age of 1 year

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Вопрос 232 из 282. What conservative treatment of congenital hip dislocation in infants includes?

Варианты ответов:

1. orthopedic splint for 20-22 hours a day, for 3-6 months. The legs of the child are in abduction and internal rotation. Physical therapy, physiotherapy, massage

2. orthopedic splint is applied only during the day for 2 weeks

3. orthopedic splint is used 2-3 times a day for 3 hours

4. orthopedic splint is used constantly for several months till the occurrence of complications such as avascular necrosis of the femoral head

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Вопрос 233 из 282. Specify the optimal age, at which surgical correction of congenital hip dislocation is performed

Варианты ответов:

1. in the neonatal period after the clinical diagnosis is made

2. surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation is the performed at the age of 1.5-2 years in case of irreducible dislocation hip, in the presence of residual changes after conservative treatment

3. surgical treatment of children with congenital hip dislocation is not performed

4. surgical correction of congenital hip dislocation is performed only in women aged 17-20 years

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Вопрос 234 из 282. Give the definition of «congenital clubfoot»

Варианты ответов:

1. congenital foot malformation characterized by persistent contractures of the joints with the fixation of the foot in equinus position, supination, varus and increased arch

2. foot deformity that is formed in the first weeks of a child's life with improper care

3. foot deformity, which develops as a result of acute osteomyelitis of the foot bones at the age of 2-3 months

4. foot deformity, characterized by partially fixed dorsal flexion and valgus deviation of the foot

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Вопрос 235 из 282. At what age can a clinical diagnosis of congenital clubfoot be made?

Варианты ответов:

1. not earlier than in 5-6 months old baby

2. right after birth in the delivery room

3. at 1 year of age, when the child starts to walk

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Вопрос 236 из 282. Specify the optimum age when conservative treatment of congenital clubfoot must start

Варианты ответов:

1. not earlier than 5-6 months, when the physical development of the child allows for treatment with plaster bandages

2. at 1 year of age, when the child starts to walk and foot deformity affects walking

3. in the first days after birth

4. conservative treatment of this deformity is not used

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Вопрос 237 из 282. Specify the optimal method of conservative treatment of congenital clubfoot

Варианты ответов:

1. bandaging with Fink-Oettingen method starting at the age of 3 months

2. step-by-step plaster of Paris bandage by Ponsety’s method since first days of life

3. use of the Ilizarov teqnique

4. the method of treatment in congenital clubfoot in order to achieve a good result does not matter

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Вопрос 238 из 282. Is recurrence of congenital clubfoot after full conservative correction possible?

Варианты ответов:

1. recurrence of congenital clubfoot never occurs

2. recurrence of deformity rarely occurs in adolescence

3. recurrence always develops when treatment is discontinued after the correction and rehabilitation treatment is not carried out up to 4-5 years

4. congenital clubfoot can not be corrected conservatively

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Вопрос 239 из 282. Define the term «congenital muscular torticollis»

Варианты ответов:

1. congenital spinal disorder with fixed abnormal head position

2. is a congenital disease of sternocleidomastoid muscle, which leads to its fibrous degeneration, shortening and abnormal head position

3. scarring of the skin of the neck, accompanied by deformation of the patient's head and neck

4. neck deformity as a result of scarring of the upper esophagus after chemical burn

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Вопрос 240 из 282. At what age the main clinical sign of congenital muscular torticollis («tumor formation») is most pronounced

Варианты ответов:

1. immediately after birth

2. 6 months after birth

3. at 3-5 weeks after birth, when the «tumor» in the muscle reaches its maximal size

4. 5 years, when the rough scar is formed in the muscle bundle

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Вопрос 241 из 282. Describe the main clinical features of congenital muscular torticollis in 4-6 months old children

Варианты ответов:

1. scoliosis of the thoracic spine, neck deformity

2. absence of movement in the cervical spine, asymmetry of the skull and face

3. availability in sternocleidomastoid muscle of tumor compression, limiting turning their heads toward affected side and tilt in the opposite direction, the initial signs of the secondary deformity - the asymmetry of the skull and face

4. abnormal head position occurs after acute respiratory infections and is accompanied by cervical lymphadenitis

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Вопрос 242 из 282. Specify the basic principles of conservative treatment of congenital muscular torticollis

Варианты ответов:

1. conservative treatment of congenital muscular torticollis is not effective and is not used

2. passive correction of child's head position, cervical collar, passive exercise therapy, massage, physiotherapy, lidase injections into the affected muscle

3. only exercise therapy

4. due to the very low percentage of positive results of conservative treatment, an operation at the age of 3 months

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Вопрос 243 из 282. At what age surgical treatment of congenital muscular torticollis is performed?

Варианты ответов:

1. due to a 100% positive results of conservative treatment operations are not performed

2. at 5-7 years

3. after the age of 1 year before the secondary deformities developmen

4. only if there are serious changes in the cervical vertebras, at the age of 10

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Вопрос 244 из 282. Define the term «scoliosis»

Варианты ответов:

1. mobile deformity of the spine, which can be corrected with active tension of the muscles

2. deformity of the spine in the sagittal plane

3. is a fixed lateral curvature of the spine with torsion of the vertebral bodies

4. mobile thoraco-lumbar lordosis

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Вопрос 245 из 282. What are the physiological curves of the spine is a healthy patient in the sagittal plane

Варианты ответов:

1. spine of a healthy person has no curves in the sagittal plane

2. there is only thoracic and cervical kyphosis

3. cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and sacral kyphosis

4. cervical kyphosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar kyphosis, sacral kyphosis

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Вопрос 246 из 282. Specify the degree of deformity in scoliosis

Варианты ответов:

1. 6 degrees of deformity in scoliosis – 10° for each degree

2. 4 degrees: first degree of curvature of the primary arc - 10°, 2nd degree - curvature of the arc from 11° to 25°, the third degree 26 40°, 4th degree - more than 40°

3. 2 degrees: compensated and decompensated

4. there are no degree of deformity in scoliosis

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Вопрос 247 из 282. What purpose x-ray Riesser test used with scoliosis?

Варианты ответов:

1. for prediction of further progression of the deformity

2. to determine the severity of the deformity degree

3. to monitor the outcome of surgical treatment

4. this test is used to predict the development of congenital hip dislocation

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Вопрос 248 из 282. What stage of Riesser test determines skeletal maturity?

Варианты ответов:

1. 0-1-stage

2. 2-3-stage

3. 4- stage

4. 5 stage

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Вопрос 249 из 282. When performing X-ray examination of patients with scoliosis what regions of the spine should be visualized?

Варианты ответов:

1. only a deformed region

2. thoracic region

3. thoraco-lumbar region

4. from the lower level of the first sacral vertebra with the capture of the iliac wing to the upper level Th 3

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Вопрос 250 из 282. What method is used for determining the degree of curvature of the spine

Варианты ответов:

1. Lippman-Cobb’s method

2. Ferguson’s method

3. Riesser’s method

4. Abalmasovoy’s method

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Вопрос 251 из 282. Aim of physical exercises for scoliosis treatment

Варианты ответов:

1. create a good muscular «brace», which keeps the spine in the correct position

2. the individual physical exercises chosen a doctor or an instructor to strengthen the muscles of the lower limbs

3. in scoliosis II degree does not require special physical therapy, the patient's physical activity is important

4. corrective physiotherapy for scoliosis III-IV degree is aimed at
complete deformation correction

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Вопрос 252 из 282. Conservative treatment of scoliosis with braces is indicated for patients

Варианты ответов:

1. patients with thoracic spinal deformity greater than 60 ° with the completed growth

2. patients with deformity over 20-25° with preserved growth, patients with complete growth with unstable deformity more than 25-40°

3. patients with severe form of scoliosis

4. there is no indication for orthopedic brace treatment of scoliosis

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Вопрос 253 из 282. Injury to the popliteal artery in fracture lower end of femur is often due to?

Варианты ответов:

1. Distal fragment pressing the artery

2. Proximal fragment pressing the artery

3. Tight plaster

4. Hematoma

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Вопрос 254 из 282. Commonest type of dislocation of the hip is

Варианты ответов:

1. Anterior

2. Posterior

3. Central

4. Dislocation with fracture of the shaft

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Вопрос 255 из 282. Myositis ossificans is commonly seen at the joint

Варианты ответов:

1. Knee

2. Elbow

3. Shoulder

4. Hip

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Вопрос 256 из 282. The most preferred treatment of fracture of neck of femur in a young person is

Варианты ответов:

1. Hemiarthroplasty

2. Total hip treatment

3. conservative treatment

4. closed reduction & internal fixation

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Вопрос 257 из 282. Lisfranc dislocation is

Варианты ответов:

1. Tarsometatarsal dislocation

2. Lunate dislocation

3. Scaphoid dislocation

4. Posterior dislocation of elbow

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Вопрос 258 из 282. Carpal bone which fractures commonly

Варианты ответов:

1. Scaphoid

2. Lunate

3. Hamate

4. Pisiform

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Вопрос 259 из 282. Most common cause of pathological fracture in a child is

Варианты ответов:

1. malignancy

2. bone cyst

3. fibrous dysplasia

4. Paget’s disease

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Вопрос 260 из 282. Muscles are components of Rotator cuff except

Варианты ответов:

1. Supraspinatus

2. Infraspinatus

3. Subscapularis

4. Teres major

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Вопрос 261 из 282. Commonest type of lesion causing recurrent shoulder dislocation is

Варианты ответов:

1. Shallow glenoid labrum

2. Bankarts lesion

3. Weakness of subscapularis muscle

4. Injury to humeral head

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Вопрос 262 из 282. A young adult presenting with oblique, displaced olecranon fracture, treatment of choice

Варианты ответов:

1. Plaster cast

2. Percutaneous wiring

3. Tension band wiring

4. Removal of displaced piece with triceps repair

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Вопрос 263 из 282. Pathognomic sign of traumatic fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. Swelling

2. Tenderness

3. Redness

4. Crepitus

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Вопрос 264 из 282. Intramedullary fixation is ideal in a case of fracture of shaft of femur when there is

Варианты ответов:

1. A transverse fracture

2. A compound fracture

3. Soft tissue interposition between the fractured ends

4. A fracture in a child

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Вопрос 265 из 282. The last step in the healing of a fracture is

Варианты ответов:

1. Hematoma formation

2. Consolidation

3. Remodelling

4. Callus formation

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Вопрос 266 из 282. Medial meniscus tear is more common than lateral meniscus because of its decreased

Варианты ответов:

1. Nerve supply

2. Vascularity

3. Mobility

4. Fibroelasticity

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Вопрос 267 из 282. Position of the limb in anterior dislocation of hip

Варианты ответов:

1. Flexion, abduction, external rotation

2. Flexion, adduction, external rotation

3. Flexion, Abduction, internal rotation

4. Flexion, adduction, internal rotation

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Вопрос 268 из 282. Treatment of anterior dislocation of shoulder is by

Варианты ответов:

1. Kocher’s manoeuvre

2. Dennis browne splint

3. Barlows manoeuvre

4. Surgery

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Вопрос 269 из 282. Multiple bone fractures in a new born is seen in

Варианты ответов:

1. Scurvy

2. Syphilis

3. Osteogenesis imperfecta

4. Morquio’s syndrome

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Вопрос 270 из 282. The commonest elbow injury in children is

Варианты ответов:

1. Extension type of supracondylar fracture of humerus

2. Dislocation of elbow

3. Fracture lateral condyle of humerus

4. Fracture medial epicondyle of humerus

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Вопрос 271 из 282. Tourniquet can be applied in case

Варианты ответов:

1. arterial bleeding

2. venous bleeding

3. capillary bleeding

4. is never applied.

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Вопрос 272 из 282. Tourniquet can be applied for

Варианты ответов:

1. 1 hour in winter time, 2 hours in summer time

2. 2 hours in winter time, 1 hour in summer time

3. 6 hours

4. for any time, necessary for patient’s transportation

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Вопрос 273 из 282. Shoulder dislocation should be reduced

Варианты ответов:

1. under general anesthesia

2. under local anesthesia

3. without anesthesia

4. with use of muscle relaxants

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Вопрос 274 из 282. What ligaments stabilize the knee joint in sagittal plain

Варианты ответов:

1. anterior and posterior crutiate ligaments

2. collateral ligaments

3. deltoid ligament

4. coracoacromial ligament

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Вопрос 275 из 282. What ligaments stabilize the knee joint in frontal plain

Варианты ответов:

1. anterior and posterior crutiate ligaments

2. collateral ligaments

3. deltoid ligament

4. coracoacromial ligament

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Вопрос 276 из 282. Meniscal tear is commonly treated with

Варианты ответов:

1. arthroscopic resection

2. open resection

3. NSAIDs

4. physiotherapy

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Вопрос 277 из 282. Colle’s fracture is a fracture of

Варианты ответов:

1. distal radius

2. distal humerus

3. distal tibia

4. proximal tibia

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Вопрос 278 из 282. Smith’sfracture is a fracture of

Варианты ответов:

1. distal radius

2. distal humerus

3. distal tibia

4. proximal tibia

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Вопрос 279 из 282. What bones articulate in the knee join

Варианты ответов:

1. femur and tibia

2. femur and fibula

3. tibia and fibula

4. tibia and talus

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Вопрос 280 из 282. Immobilization of tibial fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. from toes to middle of the femur

2. from upper to distal part of the tibia

3. from toes to upper part of the tibia

4. from ankle joint to the upper part of the femur

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Вопрос 281 из 282. Immobilization of forearm fracture

Варианты ответов:

1. from metocarpophalangeal joints to upper third of humerus

2. from tips of the fingers to elbow joint

3. from wrist to elbow joint

4. from wrist joint to upper third of humerus

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Вопрос 282 из 282. What bones articulate in the elbow join

Варианты ответов:

1. humerus, radius, ulna

2. radius and ulna

3. humerus and radius

4. humerus and metacarpal bones

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