Содержание
1 Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
3 theme 1.1. amino acid structUre and classification. Protein structure
3 INTRODUCTION
3 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
4 Practical
4 COLOR QUALITATIVE PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID REACTIONS
4 Reagents
4 Material of the investigation
4 NINHYDRIN TEST
4 Procedure and observation
4 Principle
5 TESTS FOR SULPHUR CONTAINING AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS
5 Principle
5 Procedure & observation
5 Practical use of color reactions
6 theme 1.2. sTRUCTURE, PHYSiCAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS
6 iNTRODUCTION
6 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
6 TOPICS FOR REPORTS
7 Practical 1
7 Reagents
7 Material of investigation
7 Principle
8 Design of laboratory work
8 Practical 2
8 PROTEIN DENATURATION
8 Reagents
8 Material forthe investigation
8 Principle
8 Chemical denaturation.
9 Practical significance
9 Design of laboratory work
10 theme 1.3. protein classification. protein structure and functions in human body. complex proteins
10 introduction
10 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
11 TOPICS FOR REPORTS
11 Practical
11 Reagents
11 Analysis of phosphoprotein chemical composition
11 Material of the investigation
11 Analysis of glycoprotein chemical composition
11 Material for the investigation
12 Procedure and observation
12 Design of practical
11 Principle
11 Principle
12 Principle
12 Procedure
12 Principle
12 Procedure
12 Tests
14 case studies
15 theme 2.1. FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
15 INTRODUCTION
15 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
16 TOPICS FOR REPORTS
16 Practical 1
16 QUAliTATIVE RECTIONS OF FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
16 RETINOL QUALIITATIVE REACTION
16 Principle
16 Reagents
16 Material for investigation
16 Procedure and observation
17 CHOLECALCIFEROL QUALITATIVE REACTION
17 Principle
17 Reagents
17 Material for investigation
17 Procedure and observation
17 TOCOFEROL QUALITATIVE REACTION
17 Principle
17 Reagents
17 Material for investigation
17 Procedure and observation
17 VITAMIN K QUALITATIVE REACTION
17 Principle
17 Menadione (synthetic analogue of vitamin K1) in the presence of cysteine in a basic medium turns to lemon yellow color.
17 Reagents
17 Material for investigation
17 Procedure and observation
17 Clinical and diagnostic significance
18 Design of laboratory work
18 theme 2.2. WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
18 INTRODUCTION
18 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
19 topics for report
19 Practical
19 quaLItative reactions OF water soluble vitamins
19 Reagents
19 Equipment
19 Material for investigation
19 riboflavin qualitative reaction
19 Material for investigation
19 Reducing reaction
19 Principle
19 Procedure and observation
19 nicotinic acid qualitative reaction
19 Principle
19 Material for investigation
19 Procedure and observation
20 pyridoxine qualitatuvereaction
20 Principle
20 Material for investigation
20 Procedure and observation
20 cobalamin qualitative reaction
20 Principle
20 Material for investigation
20 Procedure and observation
20 ascorbic acid qualitative reaction
20 Material for investigation
20 Principle
20 Procedure and observation
20 Design of laboratory work
21 tests
22 case studies
23 Theme 3.1. ENZYME STRUCTURE AND properties.
23 APPLICATION IN MEDICINE
23 INTrODUCTION
23 the aim of practical is
23 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
24 topic for reports
24 Practical 1
24 dependence of enzyme activity on temperature
24 Investigation of influence of temperature on salivary amylase activity
24 Reagents
24 Material of investigation
24 Principle
25 Procedure and observation.
25 Preparation of saliva (the student on duty performs the saliva for the whole group).
25 Design of laboratory work
25 Practical 2
25 Investigation of enzyme specificity
25 Reagents
25 Material for investigation
26 Detection of urease absolute specificity
26 Principle
26 Procedure
26 Urease preparation
26 Design of laboratory work
26 Detection of salivary amylase specificity
26 Principle
27 Procedure and observation
27 Preparation of saliva (the student on duty performs the saliva for the whole group).
27 Design of laboratory work
28 theme 3.2. ENZYME ACTIVITY REGULATION
28 INTRoDUCTION
28 THE AIM OF THE PRACTICAL IS
28 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
28 Practical
28 DETERMINATION OF AMYLASE ACTIVITY IN SERUM and urine
28 Principle
29 Reagents
29 Material for investigation
29 Procedure
29 Calculation
29 Normal values
29 Clinical and diagnostic significance
29 Serum and urine
30 Design of laboratory work
30 Theme 3.3. enzyme classification and nomenclature (seminar)
30 introduction
30 the aim of the seminar
30 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
30 topic for reports
31 tests
32 case studies
35 Theme 4.1. main catabolic pathways
35 introduction
35 the aim Of practic is
35 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
36 TESTS
38 Case studies
39 theme 5.1. externalmetabolism of PROTEINs. PRoteinsDIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
39 introduction
39 the aim of THE practicAL CLASS is
39 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
40 topics for reports
40 Practical 1
40 qualitative reaction of free hyDrochloric acid in gastric juice
40 Material of investigation
41 With Congo red
41 Principle
41 Reagents
41 Procedure and observation
41 With methyl orange
41 Principle
41 Reagents
41 Procedure and observation
41 Normal values
41 Clinical and diagnostic significance
42 Design of laboratory work
42 Practical 2
42 qualitative reaction of lactic acid presence in gastric juice
42 Principle
42 Reagents
42 Material of investigation
42 Procedure and observation
42 Normal values
42 Clinical and diagnostic significance
42 Design of laboratory work
43 Practical 3
43 Detection of blood and hemoglobin in gastric juice by diagnostic strips "hemophan"
43 Principle
43 Material for investigation
43 Procedure and observation
43 Normal values
43 Clinical and diagnostic significance
43 Design of laboratory work
43 Practical 4 (in theory)
43 tubeless method of acidity detection in gastric juice (test of acidity)
43 Principle
44 Reagents
44 Material for investigation
44 Procedure and observation
44 Design of laboratory work
44 theme 5.2. intracellular amino acid metabolism
44 introduction
44 the aim of the practical CLASS is
44 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
45 topics for reports
45 Practical
45 determination of aminotransferases activity in serum
45 Principle
46 Reagents
46 Material of investigation
46 Procedure and observation
46 Calculation
46 Normal values
47 Clinical and diagnostic significance
47 Design of laboratory work
47 theme 5.3. ammonia metabolism and its disposal
47 introduction
47 the aim of THE practical CLASS is
47 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
48 topics for report
48 Practical 1
48 determination of urea content in serum and urine
48 Principle
48 Reagents
48 Material of investigation
48 Procedure and observation
49 Calculation
49 Normal values
49 Clinical and diagnostic significance
49 Serum
49 Urine
49 Design of laboratory work
50 Practical 2
50 determination of creatinine content in serum and urine
50 Principle
50 Reagents
50 Material of investigation
50 Procedure and observation
50 Calculation
51 Normal values
51 Clinical and diagnostic significance
51 Serum
51 Urine
51 Design of laboratory work
51 theme 5.4. metabolism of some amino acids. their features and disorders (seminar)
51 introduction
51 the aim of THE practical CLASS is
51 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
52 topics for report
53 tests
54 case studies
55 theme 6.1. STRUCTURE AND metabolism of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
55 introduction
55 the aim oF the practical CLASS is
55 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
56 TOPICS FOR REPORTS
56 Practical
56 DETERMINATION OF URIC ACID CONCENTRATION IN SERUM AND URINE
56 Principle
56 Reagents
56 Material of investigation
57 Procedure and observation
57 Calculation
57 Normal values
57 Clinical and diagnostic significance
57 Serum
58 Urine
58 Design of laboratory work
58 tests
59 CASE STUDIES
60 theme 7.1. nucleic acids synthesis and
60 its regulation
60 introduction
60 the aim of THE practical CLASS is
60 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
61 topics for report
61 Practical
61 Analysis of chemical composition OF nucleoproteins
61 Reagents
61 Material for investigation
61 Procedure and observation
62 Design of laboratory work
63 theme 7.2. protein biosynthesis and its regulation
63 introduction
63 the aim of THE practicalCLASS IS
63 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
63 topics for reports
64 Practical
64 determination of protein concentration in serum
64 Biuret test
64 Principle
64 Material for investigation
64 Reagents
64 Procedure
64 Calculation
64 Normal values
64 Clinical and diagnostic significance
64 Hyperproteinemia
65 Hypoproteinemia
65 Design of laboratory work
65 tests
67 case studies
70 theme 8.1. Structure and metabolism of carbohydrates. Glycogen metabolism
70 Introduction
70 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
71 TOPICS FOR REPORTS
72 Practical
72 Detection of glucose in urine using "Glucophan" diagnostic strips
72 Design of work
72 theme 8.2. Oxidation of glucose in aerobic conditions. Gluconeogenesis
72 Introduction
73 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
74 TOPICS FOR REPORTS
74 Practical 1
74 Principle
74 Material of investigation
74 Reagents
75 Procedure
75 Normal values
75 Clinical and diagnostic significance
76 Practical 2
76 DETECTION OF LACTIC ACID IN MUSCLE TISSUE BY UFFELMAN'S REACTION
76 Principle
76 The method is based on the complex compound interaction of violet iron phenolate with lactic acid to form yellow-green lactate of iron.
76 Material for investigation
76 Reagents
76 Procedure
77 Theme 8.3. Aerobic oxidation of glucose. Pentose phosphate pathway
77 Introduction
77 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
78 TOPICS FOR REPORTS
79 Practical
79 Principle
79 Material for investigation
79 Reagents
79 The glucose concentration determination
80 Calculation
80 Normal values
80 Evaluation of the glycemic curve
80 There are the following types of glycemic curves
82 Tests
83 case studies
86 theme 9.1. Structure and external metabolism of lipids
86 Introduction
86 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
87 topics for reports
88 Practical
88 Principle
88 Material for investigation
88 Reagents
88 Procedure
88 Design of work
89 Theme 9.2. Intracellular metabolism of fatty acids and triacylglycerols
89 Introduction
89 the aim of the practical CLASS IS
89 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
91 Topics for report
91 Practical
91 Principle
91 Material for investigation
91 Reagents
91 Procedure
92 Normal values
92 Clinical-diagnostic significance
92 Design of work
92 Theme 9.3. Intracellular metabolism of phospholipids and cholesterol. Transport of lipids in blood
92 Introduction
92 The aim of the practical CLASS is
92 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
93 topics for report
94 Practical
94 Principle
94 Material for investigation
94 Reagents
94 Procedure
94 Normal values
95 Design of practical
95 Tests
96 case studies
100 theme 10.1. The mechanisms of hormonal signal transduction. Classification of hormones. Hormones of pituitary gland. (seminar)
100 introduction
100 the aim of THE practical CLASS is
100 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
101 topics for report
101 theme 10.2. Hormones of hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas and parathyroid glands
101 introduction
102 the aim of the practical CLASS is
102 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
103 topics for report
104 Practical 1
104 Material for investigation
104 Reagents
104 Procedure
104 Biuret test for Proteins
104 Procedure
104 Reaction for (-amino group detection
104 Procedure
104 Aromatic amino acids reaction
105 The principle
105 The principle
105 Procedure
105 Design of practical
105 Practical 2
105 Material for investigation
105 Reagents
106 Procedure
106 Design of practical
107 Theme 10.3. Hormones of hypophysis, adrenal and sexual glands
107 introduction
107 the aim of the practical CLASS is
107 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
109 topics for report
109 Practical
109 The principle
109 Material for investigation
109 Reagents
109 Procedure
110 Design of practical
110 Tests
112 case studies
113 Introduction
113 the aim of the practical CLASS is
113 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
114 topics for report
114 Practical 1
114 Thymol test
114 The principle
114 Reagents
114 Material for investigation
115 Procedure
115 Normal values
115 Clinical-diagnostic significance
115 Design of practical
115 Practical 2 (in theory)
115 The principle
116 Material for investigation
116 Equipment
116 Procedure (basic steps)
117 theme 11.2. Iron exchange. Hemoproteins. The synthesis and breakdown of heme
117 introduction
117 the aim of the practical CLASS is
117 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
119 topics for report
119 Practical 1
119 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL BILIRUBIN AND ITS FRACTIONS CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD SERUM
119 The principle
119 Material for investigation
119 Reagents
120 Procedure
122 Design of practical
122 Practical 2
122 The principle
122 Material for investigation
122 Normal values
122 Design of practical
123 theme 11.3. Inorganic substances of the blood.
123 Acid-base status
123 introduction
123 the aim of the practical CLASS is
123 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
124 topics for report
124 Practical 1
124 The principle
124 Material for investigation
124 Reagents
124 Procedure
125 Normal values
125 Serum
125 Urine
125 Design of practical
125 Practical 2
125 The principle
125 The material for investigation
126 Reagents
126 Procedure
126 Normal values
126 Clinical-diagnostic significance
126 Serum
126 Urine
126 Design of practical
127 Tests
128 case studies
129 theme 12.1. Water-salt exchange. Normal and pathological components of urine
129 introduction
129 the aim of the practicalCLASS is
129 SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
130 topics for report
130 Practical 1
130 Material for investigation
130 Equipment
130 Procedure
131 The principle
131 Procedure
131 Normal value
131 The influencing factors
131 Design of practical
132 Practical 2
132 Material for investigation
132 Equipment
132 Procedure
132 The principle
132 Urine
133 The principle
133 Normal values
133 Urine
133 The principle
133 Normal values
133 Urine
133 The principle
134 Normal values
134 Urine
134 The principle
134 Normal values
134 Urine
135 Normal values
135 Urine
135 Design of practical
135 Tests
136 case studies
141 Unit 1. "Structure, features and functions of proteins"
141 Unit 2. "Structure, classification and role of vitamins"
141 Unit 3."Enzymology"
141 Unit 4. "Biological oxidation"
141 Unit 5. "Amino acid and protein metabolism"
142 Unit 6. "Structure and metabolism of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides"
142 Unit 7. "Matrix biosynthesis"
142 Unit 8. "Structure and metabolism of carbohydrates"
142 Unit 9. "Structure and metabolism of lipids"
142 Unit 10. "Hormonal regulation of human metabolism and functions"
142 Unit 11. "Biochemistry of blood"
143 Unit 12. "Biochemistry of kidneys"
143 Unit 1. "Structure, features and functions of proteins"
143 Unit 2. " Structure, classification and role of vitamins"
143 Unit 3. "Enzymology"
144 Unit 4. "Biological oxidation"
144 Unit 5. "Amino acid and protein metabolism"
145 Unit 6. "Structure and metabolism of purines and pyrimidines"
145 Unit 7. "Matrix biosynthesis"
145 Unit 8. "Structure and metabolism of carbohydrates"
146 Unit 9. "Structure and metabolism of lipids"
147 Unit 12. "Biochemistry of kidneys"
150 The systematic name of oxidoreductases is formed as follows
150 Example 1
151 Example 2
151 Example 3
152 II Class. Transferase
152 Group donor
152 Example 1
153 Example 2
153 Example 3
154 III class. Hydrolase
154 1. Esterases – hydrolysis of ester bonds.
154 2. Lipases – hydrolysis of neutral fats.
154 3. Phosphatase – hydrolysis of monoesters of phosphoric acid.
154 4. Glycosidases – hydrolyses O- and N-glycosidic bonds.
154 5. Proteases, peptidases – hydrolysis of proteins and peptides.
154 6. Nuclease – hydrolysis of nucleic acids.
154 The systematic name of hydrolases is formed
154 Hydrolyzable substrate
154 Example 1
155 Example 2
155 Example 3
155 IV Class. lyase
156 The systematic name of lyases is formed
156 Cleavable substrate
156 Example 1
156 Example 2
157 Example 3
157 Example 4
158 V CLASS. Isomerase
158 Example 1
159 Example 2
159 Example 3
159 VI class. ligase
160 The systematic name of the enzyme
160 Example 1
160 Example 2
161 Example 3
163 CHARACTERISTICS OFSOME BLOOD PROTEINS
163 Fibrinogen
163 Normal values
163 Clinical and diagnostic significance
163 (1-Globulins
163 Acid (1-glycoprotein
163 Normal values
163 Clinical and diagnostic significance
163 (1-Antitrypsin
163 Normal values
163 Clinical and diagnostic significance
164 (1-Antichymotrypsin
164 Normal values
164 Clinicalanddiagnosticsignificance
164 (2-Globulins
164 С-reactive protein
164 Normal values
164 Clinicalanddiagnosticsignificance
164 Haptoglobin
164 Normal values
164 Clinical and diagnostic significance
165 (2-Macroglobulin
165 Normal values
165 Clinical and diagnostic significance
165 Ceruloplasmin
165 Normal values
165 Clinicalanddiagnosticsignificance
166 (-globulins
166 Transferrin family
166 Transferrin
166 Normal values
166 Clinical and diagnostic significance
166 Lactoferrin
166 Normal values
166 Clinical and diagnostic significance
167 Normal values of studied
167 biocamical indicators
167 Serum
170 Urine
170 Gastric juice
171 Clearance of endogenous creatinine
172 ContentS
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Laboratory Manual for Practical Biochemistry

Авторы: Nosareva O. L., Stepovaya E. A., Fedorova T. S.
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