Cytology&Genetics

The manual «Cytology&Genetics» is prepared according to requirements of federal state educational standard of the highest educations (Moscow, 2015) on discipline «Biology». This textbook has been written from many years’ experience of teaching general biology for Bashkir State Medical University students.
In this manual the questions of organization of biological systems at the molecular, cellular and organismal levels are presented. By revealing the mechanisms of biological processes, biology promotes understanding of the pathological disturbances that occur in the human body, and provides means both for combating diseases, and for preventing and curing them. The special attention is paid to the importance of modern achievements in the field of biology and genetics for development of modern medicine.
The manual is recommended for independent out-of-class work for the 1-st year medical students.